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Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk of his large estate to his elder daughter Susanna [87] under stipulations that she pass it down intact to "the first son of her body". [88] The Quineys had three children, all of whom died without marrying. [89] [90] The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died without children in 1670, ending Shakespeare's direct line. [91] [92] Shakespeare's will scarcely mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to one-third of his estate automatically. [f] He did make a point, however, of leaving her "my second best bed", a bequest that has led to much speculation. [94] [95] [96] Some scholars see the bequest as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that the second-best bed would have been the matrimonial bed and therefore rich in significance. [97] Shakespeare's grave, next to those of Anne Shakespeare, his wife, and Thomas Nash, the husband of his granddaughter See also: English castles and Royal forest §Royal forests in England The White Tower in London, begun by William [125] In 1071 William defeated the last rebellion of the north. Earl Edwin was betrayed by his own men and killed, while William built a causeway to subdue the Isle of Ely, where Hereward the Wake and Morcar were hiding. Hereward escaped, but Morcar was captured, deprived of his earldom, and imprisoned. In 1072 William invaded Scotland, defeating Malcolm, who had recently invaded the north of England. William and Malcolm agreed to peace by signing the Treaty of Abernethy, and Malcolm probably gave up his son Duncan as a hostage for the peace. Perhaps another stipulation of the treaty was the expulsion of Edgar the Ætheling from Malcolm's court. [105] William then turned his attention to the continent, returning to Normandy in early 1073 to deal with the invasion of Maine by Fulk le Rechin, the Count of Anjou. With a swift campaign, William seized Le Mans from Fulk's forces, completing the campaign by 30 March 1073. This made William's power more secure in northern France, but the new count of Flanders accepted Edgar the Ætheling into his court. Robert also married his half-sister Bertha to King Philip I of France, who was opposed to Norman power. [106] In Domesday Book, the king's lands were worth four times as much as the lands of his half-brother Odo, the next largest landowner, and seven times as much as Roger of Montgomery, the third-largest landowner. [136] Reilly, Bernard F. (1988). The Kingdom of Leon-Castile Under Alfonso VI. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05515-2.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Bates "William I" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible. Shakespeare's works include the 36 plays printed in the First Folio of 1623, listed according to their folio classification as comedies, histories, and tragedies. [155] Two plays not included in the First Folio, [12] The Two Noble Kinsmen and Pericles, Prince of Tyre, are now accepted as part of the canon, with today's scholars agreeing that Shakespeare made major contributions to the writing of both. [156] [157] No Shakespearean poems were included in the First Folio.Bates, David (2001). William the Conqueror. Kings and Queens of Medieval England. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3. Rowse, A.L. (1963). William Shakespeare; A Biography. New York: Harper & Row. OCLC 352856. OL 21462232M. William Hill is operated by WHG (International) Limited, a company registered in Gibraltar. WHG (International) Limited is licensed and regulated in Great Britain by the Gambling Commission under account number 39225for customers in Great Britain and further licensed by the Government of Gibraltar and regulated by the Gibraltar Gambling Commissioner. The registered office of William Hill is at 6/1 Waterport Place, Gibraltar, with registered company number 99191. William Hill is a registered I.B.A.Sbookmaker.

Craig, Leon Harold (2003). Of Philosophers and Kings: Political Philosophy in Shakespeare's Macbeth and King Lear . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8605-1. OCLC 958558871. Bate, Jonathan (2008). The Soul of the Age. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-91482-1. OCLC 237192578. William remained in England after his coronation and tried to reconcile the native magnates. The remaining earls– Edwin (of Mercia), Morcar (of Northumbria), and Waltheof (of Northampton)– were confirmed in their lands and titles. [94] Waltheof was married to William's niece Judith, daughter of his half-sister Adelaide, [95] and a marriage between Edwin and one of William's daughters was proposed. Edgar the Ætheling also appears to have been given lands. Ecclesiastical offices continued to be held by the same bishops as before the invasion, including the uncanonical Stigand. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. [96] By March, William was secure enough to return to Normandy, but he took with him Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar, and Waltheof. He left his half-brother Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux, in charge of England along with another influential supporter, William fitzOsbern, the son of his former guardian. [94] Both men were also named to earldoms– fitzOsbern to Hereford (or Wessex) and Odo to Kent. [2] Although he put two Normans in overall charge, he retained many of the native English sheriffs. [96] Once in Normandy the new English king went to Rouen and the Abbey of Fecamp, [94] and then attended the consecration of new churches at two Norman monasteries. [2] Grady cites Voltaire's Philosophical Letters (1733); Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795); Stendhal's two-part pamphlet Racine et Shakespeare (1823–25); and Victor Hugo's prefaces to Cromwell (1827) and William Shakespeare (1864). [254]

In February 1054 the king and the Norman rebels launched a double invasion of the duchy. Henry led the main thrust through the county of Évreux, while the other wing, under the king's half-brother Odo, invaded eastern Normandy. [38] William met the invasion by dividing his forces into two groups. The first, which he led, faced Henry. The second, which included some who became William's firm supporters, such as Robert, Count of Eu, Walter Giffard, Roger of Mortemer, and William de Warenne, faced the other invading force. This second force defeated the invaders at the Battle of Mortemer. In addition to ending both invasions, the battle allowed the duke's ecclesiastical supporters to depose Archbishop Mauger. Mortemer thus marked another turning point in William's growing control of the duchy, [39] although his conflict with the French king and the Count of Anjou continued until 1060. [40] Henry and Geoffrey led another invasion of Normandy in 1057 but were defeated by William at the Battle of Varaville. This was the last invasion of Normandy during William's lifetime. In 1058, William invaded the County of Dreux and took Tillières-sur-Avre and Thimert. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. The deaths of Count Geoffrey and the king in 1060 cemented the shift in the balance of power towards William. [41] The signatures of William I and Matilda are the first two large crosses on the Accord of Winchester from 1072. Frye, Roland Mushat (2005). The Art of the Dramatist. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35289-5. OCLC 493249616. William Hill is operated by WHG (International) Limited, a company registered in Gibraltar. WHG (International) Limited is licensed and regulated in Great Britain by the Gambling Commission under account number 39225 for customers in Great Britain and further licensed by the Government of Gibraltar and regulated by the Gibraltar Gambling Commissioner. The registered office of William Hill is at 6/1 Waterport Place, Gibraltar, with registered company number 99191. William Hill is a registered I.B.A.S bookmaker.

Clemen, Wolfgang (2005a). Shakespeare's Dramatic Art: Collected Essays. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35278-9. OCLC 1064833286.

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Brooke, Nicholas (2004). "Language and Speaker in Macbeth". In Edwards, Philip; Ewbank, Inga-Stina; Hunter, G.K. (eds.). Shakespeare's Styles: Essays in Honour of Kenneth Muir. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.67–78. ISBN 978-0-521-61694-2. OCLC 61724586. Although Simon was a supporter of William, the Vexin was actually under the overlordship of King Philip, which is why Philip secured control of the county when Simon became a monk. [115] Matilda [2] [150] was born around 1061, died perhaps about 1086. [149] Mentioned in Domesday Book as a daughter of William. [48]

How illegitimacy was viewed by the church and lay society was undergoing a change during this period. The Church, under the influence of the Gregorian reform, held the view that the sin of extramarital sex tainted any offspring that resulted, but nobles had not totally embraced the Church's viewpoint during William's lifetime. [18] By 1135 the illegitimate birth of Robert of Gloucester, son of William's son Henry I of England, was enough to bar Robert's succession as king when Henry died without legitimate male heirs, even though he had some support from the English nobility. [19]

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Customers must first log in to their William Hill account using the button in the top right-hand corner of the screen. Bates, David (2004). "William I (known as William the Conqueror)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/29448 . Retrieved 26 March 2012. (subscription or UK public library membership required) Barlow, Frank (2004). "William II (c. 1060–1100)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/29449 . Retrieved 29 June 2012. (subscription or UK public library membership required) However, Shakespeare soon began to adapt the traditional styles to his own purposes. The opening soliloquy of Richard III has its roots in the self-declaration of Vice in medieval drama. At the same time, Richard's vivid self-awareness looks forward to the soliloquies of Shakespeare's mature plays. [205] [206] No single play marks a change from the traditional to the freer style. Shakespeare combined the two throughout his career, with Romeo and Juliet perhaps the best example of the mixing of the styles. [207] By the time of Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, and A Midsummer Night's Dream in the mid-1590s, Shakespeare had begun to write a more natural poetry. He increasingly tuned his metaphors and images to the needs of the drama itself. Marren, Peter (2004). 1066: The Battles of York, Stamford Bridge & Hastings. Battleground Britain. Barnsley, UK: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-953-0.